你知道翻譯學習的內容有什么嗎?
翻譯的任務(wu)是把一(yi)種文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)的意義用另一(yi)種文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)表達出來。而語(yu)(yu)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)是一(yi)種極為(wei)復(fu)雜的東西,豐富(fu)多(duo)彩、千變萬化。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)(yu)言(yan)又有極大差(cha)別。中文(wen)(wen)與英(ying)文(wen)(wen)屬于不(bu)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)(yu)系(xi),差(cha)別更大,規律性的對應關系(xi)極少(shao)。要把兩種迥然不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)根據其意義進行轉(zhuan)變,很難(nan)找到(dao)普遍的規律,更無(wu)法制訂出固定不(bu)變的方法與規則。
綜觀(guan)目前(qian)討(tao)論翻(fan)(fan)譯的(de)書(shu)籍(ji),許多作者都(dou)想制訂出一套(tao)詳細具體的(de)方(fang)法或規則。如詞類變(bian)換、句子分合、句型轉變(bian)加字減字等等.作者確實是絞盡了腦汁(zhi)、費盡了心機,但在實際(ji)翻(fan)(fan)譯中的(de)作用卻值得懷疑(yi)
有些(xie)人更進一步,具體到某種句型、某種詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)類、甚至(zhi)某個(ge)單(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)怎樣譯(yi)。且不(bu)說(shuo)英(ying)文單(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數以十萬計,僅就最常用的于(yu)(yu)余(yu)單(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),如果每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的譯(yi)法都詳細舉例說(shuo)明,是否可能(neng)?即令只(zhi)說(shuo)一個(ge)單(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(如take)吧,又(you)有誰能(neng)把它(ta)的各種用法,與其(qi)他(ta)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)組合方法統統開列出(chu)來呢(ni)?按詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)類定規則更不(bu)可能(neng),難道屬于(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)類詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的譯(yi)法都相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)?按句型定規則也(ye)一樣不(bu)可取,因為句型相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)翻(fan)譯(yi)方法并(bing)不(bu)一定相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。
還有些討(tao)論(lun)翻譯(yi)的(de)(de)書籍實(shi)際是(shi)(shi)(shi)教授英(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)閱(yue)讀(du)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)寫(xie)作的(de)(de)課本(ben)。但指望用(yong)一(yi)本(ben)談(tan)翻譯(yi)的(de)(de)書來解(jie)決(jue)英(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)學習與(yu)(yu)提高、中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)寫(xie)作與(yu)(yu)表(biao)達,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可能的(de)(de)。英(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)理解(jie)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)寫(xie)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)漢(han)翻譯(yi)的(de)(de)基礎,但卻不是(shi)(shi)(shi)翻譯(yi)學習的(de)(de)內(nei)容與(yu)(yu)任務(wu)。因為,既是(shi)(shi)(shi)學翻譯(yi),便是(shi)(shi)(shi)假定(ding)了學習者已有相當的(de)(de)英(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)閱(yue)讀(du)能力和中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)寫(xie)作能力。需要學習的(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩種文(wen)(wen)字本(ben)身,而是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩種文(wen)(wen)字轉變的(de)(de)技巧與(yu)(yu)方法。